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The Action of Muscles By William Colin Mackenzie

The Action of Muscles Including Muscle Rest and Muscle Re-Education By William Colin Mackenzie

Scan of book in PDF format. Published in 1921 with 267 pages and 90 illustrations.

Introduction
In Army medical circles the view is held that of the wounded men who have returned from the French battlefields during the Great War, some 65 percent are suffering from disabilities of an orthopeclic nature; in other words, whether the injury be one of muscle, bone, joint, nerve, or central nervous system, it is of such a character that the question of muscular function becomes of prime importance for purposes of treatment. When we consider that muscular tissue alone constitutes the largest part of most animals, it is surely time that more attention was paid to the teaching of myology than has been allowed heretofore. Function of muscle the all-important factor cannot be satisfactorily taught in the dissecting room. It can only be taught on the living, and is largely a question of comparison a comparison between the normal and the paralytic. Only on this plan can the question of origin and insertion of a muscle have more than an academic, or rather examination interest for the student.

Just as important as a knowledge of the action of a muscle is a kndwledge of the action of its opponent, and the opponent should be specifically mentioned. The statement that fifteen external rotators of the hip, including such powerful engines as the psoas and great gluteus, are balanced by one muscle and part of another, can no longer be tolerated. The fact that the student when learning the action of a muscle learns that of the opponent will have an important influence on his treatment, for example, of muscular weakness, or paralysis, or of joint injuries. Thus in a case of weakness of the deltoid he will associate with ...

Chapter I
Principles
I. Nature of muscle
II. Muscle tendon
III. Relation of bone to muscle
IV. Origin and insertion of muscle
V Ligaments
VI. Pulleys, sesamoids, and levers
VII. Form and arrangement of muscle
VIII. The evolution of muscular action: Muscle re-education
IX. Muscle rest: Zero position
X. Chronic muscle shortening: Contracted muscles
XI. Testing for muscle action
XII. Correlations. Muscle developement and the tymus gland
XIII. Contraction, relaxation, and elongation of muscle: Elasticity
XIV. Reverse action
XV. Muscles passing over several joints
XVI. Specialization of muscle function
XVII. Synergists
XVIII. Mechanism of muscular contraction

Chapter II
The shoulder region

CHAPTER III
The biceps brachii and brachialis: musculocutaneous paralysis

CHAPTER IV
Median nerve paralysis

CIIAPTER V
Ulnar paralysis

CHAPTER VI
Musculo-spiral paralysis

CHAPTER VII
The muscle of the thigh

CHAPTER VIII
Muscles acting on the leg

CHAPTER IX
Muscle acting on the foot (Great sciatic nerve)

CHAPTER X
The muscle of the toes (Great sciatic nerve)

CHAPTER XI
Muscle of the spine

CHAPTER XII
Muscxle which move the neck

CHAPTER XIII
Muscle which move the back and loins (thoracic and lumbar regions)

CHAPTER XIV
Anatomical considerations in joint fixations

CHAPTER XV
Muscles of respiration